English Grammar
English grammar lectures and rules
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The category of Case
The category of Case shows the relations of living beings, things or notions denoted by nouns to other living beings, things and notions. In English this category is characterized by the opposition of the categorial forms of the Common Case (общий падеж) and the Possessive or Genitive Case (притяжательный падеж).…
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The category of Number
This category is constituted by the opposition of the plural form of the noun and its singular form. The plural categorial form is the strong or marked member of the . opposition for it bears the formal mark of the category — the suffix -(e)s. It correlates with the categorial…
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Характеристика лексических нормрусского языка и ошибок связанных с ихнесоблюдением
Характеристика лексических нормрусского языка и ошибок, связанных с ихнесоблюдением Литературная норма на практике используется нами в письменных и устных текстах. Каждому человеку приходится работать с текстами. Мы пишем объяснительную или служебную записку, читаем объявления на работе и в общественном транспорте, общаемся друг с другом, выступаем на семинарах и так далее и тому подобное. Всё это тексты, письменные…
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Из истории изучения нормлитературного языка в отечественнойлингвистике
Теоретическое обоснованиесодержания деятельности учителя поформированию устойчивого навыкасоблюдения речевых (лексических) нормучащимися 5-6 классов основнойобщеобразовательной школы 1.1 Из истории изучения нормлитературного языка в отечественнойлингвистике Умение чётко и ясно выразить свои мысли, говорить грамотно, умение не только привлечь внимание своей речью, но и воздействовать на слушателей, владение культурой речи – своеобразная характеристика профессиональной пригодности для людей самых различных профессий: дипломатов, юристов, политиков, преподавателей школ и вузов, работников радио и телевидения, менеджеров,…
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СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯЗЫКА ШЕКСПИРА
СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯЗЫКА ШЕКСПИРА Нарушение твердого порядка слов при построении предложения В ранненовоанглийском возрастает синтаксическая значимость порядка слов. Но, хотя прямой порядок слов в повествовательном предложении является нормой для ранненовоанглийского, отклонения от него еще довольно значительны. Эти отклонения могут быть двух типов: 1) инверсия главных членов предложения и 2) обратный…
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МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯЗЫКА ШЕКСПИРА
МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯЗЫКА ШЕКСПИРА Переход слова из одной грамматической категории в другую В английском языке одно слово может быть и существительным, и прилагательным, и глаголом. В этом отношении особенно выделяется эпоха Шекспира. То было время, когда огромному количеству слов были приданы новые грамматические функции. Среди своих современников Шекспир и здесь…
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ЯЗЫК И СТИЛЬ В. ШЕКСПИРА
ЯЗЫК И СТИЛЬ В. ШЕКСПИРА Вильям Шекспир (1564 – 1616) является величайшим драматургом, мыслителем, поэтом и, бесспорно, одной из самых загадочных фигур в литературе. Творчество Шекспира высокогуманно и человечно, грандиозно по масштабам. Кажется, весь земной шар, все человечество втянуто в действие его пьес. Жизнь предстает перед нами в бесконечном и…
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Rendering of the contextual meaning of the definite and indefinite articles
Rendering of the contextual meaning of the definite and indefinite articles Most researchers do not pay enough attention to the translation of the articles. But nevertheless some of them (I.V.Korunets, V.I.Karaban) [28,39] consider that when rendering the lexical meaning of the definite and indefinite articles into Ukrainian one should consider…
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Lexico-grammatical aspects of translation of the definite and indefinite articles
Lexico-grammatical aspects of translation of the definite and indefinite articles Prior to a concrete detailed analyses of ways and methods of rendering English articles into Ukrainian it is very important to mention the category of Definiteness and Indefiniteness as it can give a considerable semantic shade of meaning. 2.1 The Category…
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Omission of the article
Omission of the article Sometimes the article is not used where we naturally expect to find it in accordance with the rules. No change of meaning is observed in these cases. The article is often omitted in newspaper headings, telegrams, in stage directions. Gas Blast Kills Woman. (Dally Worker) Girl…
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The use of the definite article
The use of the definite article Class nouns are used with the definite article: 1. When the noun denotes an object or objects which the speaker singles out from all the objects of a given class. An object is singled out in the following cases: (a) when the speaker and…
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The use of the indefinite article
The use of the indefinite article Class nouns are used with the indefinite article: 1. When the speaker presents the object expressed by the noun as belonging to a certain class. In this case the indefinite article has the meaning of ‘какой-нибудь, какой-то, один’ (in the meaning of ‘некий’). She…
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The functions of articles
The functions of articles The use of the the Indefinite Article 1. With countable nouns, both concrete and abstract, the indefinite article is used when we want to name an object (thing, person, animal, abstract notion), to state what kind of object is meant: e.g. He gave her a cigarette…
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Article determination
Article determination The Article is a determining unit of a specific nature accompanying the noun in communicative collocation. Its special character is clearly seen against the background of determining words of half-notional semantics [50, c. 179]. Whereas the function of the determiners such as this, any, some is to explicitly…
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The historical development of the English articles. The definite article
The historical development of the English articles. The definite article The infinitive in Northumbrian often loses its final -n and ends in -a: drinca ‘drink’, sinza ‘sing’. The 1st person singular present indicative ends in -u, -o (for West-Saxon -e): ic drincu ‘I drink’, ic sinzo ‘I sing’. The 2nd…
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Article as a part of speech.
Article as a part of speech. Theoretical and practical aspects 1.1 Definition The issues relevant to the nature of the English article have been the focus of attention of early descriptive English Grammar books since the 16th century and it is intensively studied nowadays. In the 16th -18th centuries the…
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Palatal Mutation
Palatal Mutation The OE tendency to positional vowel change is most apparent in the process termed “mutation”. Mutation is the change of one vowel to another through the influence of a vowel in the succeeding syllable. This kind of change occurred in PG when [e] was raised to [i] and…
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Development of Diphthongs
Development of Diphthongs The PG diphthongs (or sequences of monophthongs) [ei, ai, iu, eu, au] — uderwent regular independent changes in Early OE; they took place in all phonetic conditions irrespective of environment. The diphthongs with i-glide were monophthongised into [i:] and [a:], respectively; the diphthongs in u-glide were reflected_a&_long__diphthongs…
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OLD ENGLISH PHONETICS
OLD ENGLISH PHONETICS OE is so far removed from Mod E that one may take it for an entirely different language; this is largely due to the peculiarities of its pronunciation. The survey of OE phonetics deals with word accentuation, the systems of vowels and consonants and their origins. The…
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH Pre-Roman Britain Man lived in what we now call the British Isles long before it broke away from the continent of Europe, long before the great seas covered the land bridge that is now known as the English Channel, that body of water…
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Grammar in Rhyme
Three little words you often see, Are Articles A, An and The. A Noun is the name of anything, As School, or Garden, Hoop, or Swing. Adjectives tell the kind of Noun, As Great, Small, Pretty, White, or Brown. Instead of Adjectives the Pronouns stand, Her head, His face, Your…
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Present simple и Present continuous
Present continuous(I am doing) (a) Мы используем present continuous, когда мы говорим о чем-либо, что происходит во время разговора. Изучите следующие ситуации: The dog is playing with its tail. Мы видим, что собака играет со своим хвостом прямо сейчас во время разговора. – Why are you crying? – I’ve broken…
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English Compound Words
Download English Compound Words Compound Word List #1 lifetime elsewhere upside grandmother cannot baseball fireworks passport together become became sunflower crosswalk basketball sweetmeat superstructure moonlight football railroad rattlesnake anybody weatherman throwback skateboard meantime earthquake everything herein sometimes also backward schoolhouse butterflies upstream nowhere bypass fireflies because somewhere spearmint something another…
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The picture of english days, dates and seasons
The english days, dates and seasons in picture
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The picture of months and Signs of the Zodiac
The months and Signs of the Zodiac in picture
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The english numbers in picture
The picture of english numbers: Cardinals and Ordinals The english numbers in picture
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The english alphabet in picture
The picture of english alphabet The english alphabet in picture
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The Gerund
§ 16. The gerund developed from the verbal noun, which in course of time became verbalized preserving at the same time its nominal character. The gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle I. § 17. The double…
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All about Verb
THE VERB § 1. The verb is a part of speech which denotes an action. The verb has the following grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood. These categories can be expressed by means of affixes, inner flexion (change of the root vowel) and by form words. Verbs…
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Full English Regular verbs / феълҳои дурусти забони англиси
REGULAR VERBS / ФЕЪЛҲОИ ДУРУСТ to manage [‘mænidʒ] идора кардан to accept [ək ‘sept] қабул кардан, розӣ шудан to ache [eik] дард кардан to acknowledge иқрор кардан, дарк кардан to act [ækt] рафтор кардан, иҷро кардан to admit [əd ‘mit] иҷозат додан to adore [ə’do:] парастидан, беҳад дӯст доштан to…
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